Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for altered mental status?

Hypertension is not typically considered a direct risk factor for altered mental status. While it can contribute to cardiovascular issues and other health complications, its direct influence on cognitive function or acute changes in mental status is less clear compared to the other options provided.

In contrast, a history of substance abuse can lead to various forms of intoxication or withdrawal, which significantly impact mental status. Conditions like dementia or Alzheimer's disease inherently affect cognitive function and can lead to confusion or altered states of awareness. Diabetes Mellitus can also be a factor, especially in cases of hypo- or hyperglycemia, which can lead to significant alterations in mental status due to changes in blood glucose levels. Each of these conditions can directly influence brain function, making them key risk factors for altered mental status.