Which of the following conditions is indicated by the abbreviation 'CAD'?

The abbreviation 'CAD' stands for Coronary Artery Disease. This condition is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. It is typically caused by a build-up of plaque—comprised of fat, cholesterol, and other substances—within the artery walls. As a result, this can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart and may cause chest pain (angina), heart attacks, or other cardiovascular issues.

Understanding CAD is crucial because it is a prevalent and serious condition that can significantly impact a person's health. It's often associated with risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Early recognition and management of CAD can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of severe complications.