Which disorder is characterized by both manic and depressive episodes?

Bipolar Disorder is specifically characterized by the presence of both manic and depressive episodes. This distinction is critical for diagnosis and treatment. During a manic episode, individuals may experience elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior, while depressive episodes involve feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.

The unique combination of these contrasting mood states sets Bipolar Disorder apart from other mental health disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder, which consists solely of depressive episodes, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, which are primarily characterized by anxiety and compulsive behaviors rather than mood fluctuations. Understanding these distinctions is vital for both effective diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies in clinical practice.