What risk factor is NOT associated with CVA?

Regular exercise is the risk factor that is not associated with cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as a stroke. In fact, regular exercise is widely recognized as a protective factor. Engaging in consistent physical activity can help to improve cardiovascular health, lower blood pressure, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce overall stroke risk.

The other options—diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension—are well-established risk factors for CVA. Diabetes can lead to vascular damage and increase the likelihood of stroke due to various complications it presents. Smoking contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, which narrows and hardens the arteries, increasing the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Hypertension is a leading risk factor, as elevated blood pressure can cause damage to blood vessels over time and is one of the most significant modifiable risks for stroke occurrence.