What medical condition does the term hyperthyroidism refer to?

Hyperthyroidism refers to the condition where there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. This results in an increased metabolic rate, which can manifest in various symptoms such as weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, and heat intolerance. The thyroid hormones primarily involved are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), both of which play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, energy generation, and overall body functions.

Understanding hyperthyroidism is important because it can lead to significant health complications if left untreated, such as heart problems, bone loss, and even a life-threatening condition known as thyroid storm. By identifying that hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive hormone production, one can appreciate the contrast between this condition and others that involve normal or insufficient hormone levels.