What is the primary intervention for respiratory failure?

The primary intervention for respiratory failure is intubation, as it directly secures the airway and provides a means for mechanical ventilation. In cases of acute respiratory failure, either due to obstructive diseases such as COPD exacerbation, central nervous system issues, or other causes where the patient is unable to maintain adequate gas exchange, intubation allows healthcare providers to deliver oxygen and assist with ventilation effectively.

Intubation involves placing a tube into the trachea, which not only ensures an open airway but also allows for more controlled administration of oxygen and respiratory support through mechanical ventilators. This intervention is fundamental in cases of severe hypoxemia or hypercapnia when a patient is unable to breathe effectively on their own.

Other interventions, such as CPAP or BIPAP, are non-invasive methods that can provide respiratory support in certain scenarios, particularly in patients with obstructive sleep apnea or mild exacerbations of respiratory distress. However, they may not be sufficient in cases of significant respiratory failure where intubation becomes necessary. Joint reduction and lumbar puncture do not address the underlying issues of respiratory failure and would be inappropriate as primary interventions in such situations.