What is a primary risk factor for myocardial infarction?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a primary risk factor for myocardial infarction (heart attack) because it can cause damage to the coronary arteries. Over time, elevated blood pressure can lead to atherosclerosis, which is the build-up of plaque in the arteries. This plaque can restrict blood flow and reduce oxygen supply to the heart muscle. If a plaque ruptures or becomes unstable, it can lead to a clot forming, which may block the artery and result in a myocardial infarction.

In contrast, while conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and anemia can impact overall health and may contribute indirectly to cardiac issues, they are not considered primary risk factors for a heart attack. Hypertension is more directly linked to the mechanisms that lead to coronary artery disease and subsequently heart attacks. Therefore, managing blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication significantly reduces the risk of myocardial infarction.