What does scleral icterus indicate during an eye examination?

Scleral icterus, which refers to the yellowing of the sclera (the white part of the eye), is primarily an indication of elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. This condition is most commonly associated with liver dysfunction, as the liver plays a vital role in processing bilirubin, a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells. When the liver is unable to properly process and excrete bilirubin due to conditions such as liver failure or biliary obstruction, it accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to jaundice, which is characterized by the yellowing of the skin and sclera.

While dehydration, infection, and anemia can have effects on the body and may produce other signs and symptoms, they are not directly linked to the yellowing of the sclera as seen in scleral icterus. The presence of this specific symptom directs attention toward assessing liver function and potential underlying conditions affecting the liver.