What condition may be caused by benign enlargement of the prostate?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly occurs in older men. As the prostate increases in size, it can obstruct the urethra, leading to a variety of urinary symptoms such as difficulty starting urination, weak urine stream, increased frequency of urination, and nighttime urination (nocturia). BPH is a common condition and is distinct from prostate cancer, which involves malignant growth of prostate cells. While both conditions may affect the prostate, BPH specifically refers to the benign enlargement and is considered a normal part of aging for many men.

The other options relate to various conditions that do not directly stem from benign enlargement of the prostate. Prostate cancer involves malignant changes that are separate from the benign growth seen in BPH. Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by infection, and nephritis refers to inflammation of the kidneys. Neither cystitis nor nephritis is caused by the enlargement of the prostate. Thus, the correct association is that benign enlargement of the prostate directly leads to the condition known as BPH.