What condition is characterized by exertional chest pain with a history of CAD?

Angina is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort that typically occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress and is associated with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD). The pain arises due to a temporary decrease in blood flow (and therefore oxygen) to the heart muscle, often caused by narrowed or blocked arteries due to atherosclerosis.

In patients with CAD, angina can manifest as stable angina, where pain is predictable and occurs with similar levels of exertion or stress. This distinguishes it from other conditions that could cause chest pain. For example, a heart attack would usually present as more severe and prolonged pain, potentially occurring at rest and indicating more significant heart muscle damage. Pulmonary embolism often presents with different symptoms, such as sudden shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain rather than exertional angina. Congestive heart failure may lead to symptoms such as fatigue and difficulty breathing but is not primarily characterized by the exertional chest pain tied to CAD.

Recognizing angina in patients with a history of CAD is crucial for timely management and potential interventions to prevent the progression to more severe cardiovascular events.